Employers

The renewable energy industry is a large and diverse field. Employment opportunities in each sector exist at manufacturing or research and development companies, both large and small; utilities; government organizations; and nonprofit groups and agencies. Research or education opportunities can be found at universities or trade associations. Because the benefits of renewable energy are a global concern, many employment opportunities can be found outside of the United States.

It is important to note that while employment in the renewable energy industry can be found nationwide, some sectors of the industry tend to be clustered in specific regions of the United States. A good example of this is the wind power industry. Although wind is everywhere, different sections of the United States are windier than other areas. For this reason, wind-related projects tend to be most concentrated in Texas, other western states such as California, Colorado, Kansas, North Dakota, and Oklahoma; the Pacific Northwest (especially Oregon); the Midwest (especially Illinois, Iowa, and Minnesota); and the Mid-Atlantic. The wind industry employs more than 131,000 Americans, according to the American Clean Power Association.

There are a wide variety of employment opportunities in solar energy. Contractors, dealers, distributors, builders, utilities, government agencies, manufacturers, installers, and research and development companies can be found throughout the United States.

In 2023, the U.S. solar industry employed 279,447 workers, according to the National Solar Jobs Census from the Interstate Renewable Energy Council. The top five states for solar jobs were (in descending order): California, Florida, Texas, New York, and Massachusetts. Manufacturers of solar power components and equipment are located throughout the United States. Large plants are located in California, Colorado, Georgia, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Mexico, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin.

Currently, most geothermal employment opportunities in the United States exist where most geothermal reservoirs are located—in the western states. These include Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. However, since magma is located everywhere under the Earths surface, better technology and more powerful tools enable geothermal-related projects to be found throughout the United States. Workers are also employed by construction subcontractors and suppliers of power and cooling systems components.

Hydropower plants are found throughout the United States. Hydropower projects can be separated into two categories: large hydropower projects run by the federal electric utilities and operated by the Bureau of Reclamation and the Army Corps of Engineers, and nonfederal hydropower dams—about 1,610—licensed by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. According to the National Hydropower Association, 47 states have hydropower facilities, and there are 2,252 active power plants. Approximately 72,400 people are currently employed in the hydropower industry. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the top 10 hydropower generating states are Washington, California, Oregon, New York, Alabama, Montana, Arizona, Idaho, Tennessee, and North Carolina.

Biomass is bulky and thus costly to transport. Because of this, bioenergy projects are located where biomass crops are grown. This is a great benefit for many rural areas of the United States since jobs and their economic benefits are kept close to home. Opportunities for bioenergy and biofuels workers are available throughout the United States, although certain areas of the country may offer better opportunities than others. For example, the majority of ethanol production takes place in the Midwest. The top states for ethanol production are Iowa, Nebraska, Illinois, South Dakota, Minnesota, and Indiana.

Starting Out

Industry associations provide a rich source of information, especially when you are looking for your first job. Association Web sites feature the latest industry news, project developments, market forecasts, and government policies. Professional associations, such as the Association of Energy Engineers, also offer career advice and job postings on their Web sites.

Many companies recruit on campus or at job fairs. Check with your schools career center for upcoming fairs in your area. Other good job hunting resources are trade journals, some of which may have job advertisements in their classifieds sections. Check out notable renewable energy publications and blogs, such as Solar Industry (https://www.solarindustrymag.com), Solar Today (https://www.ases.org/solartoday), and The Power Line blog (https://cleanpower.org/blog).

Internships are also a great way to get relevant work experience, not to mention valuable contacts. Many of the larger energy companies and nonprofit groups offer internships (either with pay or for course credit) to junior or senior level college students. For example, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory offers both undergraduate and graduate students the opportunity to participate in its many research and development programs.

Typical advancement paths depend on the type of position. For example, solar panel installers may advance to positions of higher responsibility such as managing other workers. With experience, they may opt to start their own business specializing in panel installation and maintenance. Engineers may start with a position at a small company with local interests and advance to a position of higher responsibility within that same company, for example, director of research and development. Or they may move on to a larger, more diverse company such as a public utility, whose interests may cover a broader area.

A nontechnical employee with a background in communications, for example, may advance from the human resource department of a windmill turbine manufacturing company to handle media and communication requests for a states energy program. With the proper expertise and credentials, he or she may advance to direct a nonprofit organization representing a sector of the renewable energy industry.

To learn more about the field, read publications such as:

• Windpower Monthly: https://www.windpowermonthly.com
• Solar Industry: https://www.solarindustrymag.com
• Solar Today: https://www.ases.org/solartoday
• International Journal on Hydropower and Dams: https://www.hydropower-dams.com
• Biofuels Digest: https://biofuelsdigest.com

Visit the following Web sites for job listings:

• https://www.nspe.org/resources/career-center
• https://cleanpower-jobs.careerwebsite.com
• https://careers.ases.org
• https://seia.org/industry-careers
• https://hydrofoundation.org/opportunities
• https://geothermal.org/resources/job-board

Participate in internships or part-time jobs that are arranged by your college’s career services office. Visit https://www.nrel.gov for information on internships, fellowships, and scholarships.